Do you feel that if you move quickly enough, others will not see your faults, inconsistencies, or lack of capacity?

Tactic #9: The guilt trip. The strategy is simple. Make people assume they're the ones to blame for everything going wrong in the world. Let them blame themselves for things people did centuries ago. Make them blame themselves for the wars that governments spearheaded without their permission or support. There was a photo of a boy lying between his parents' graves that went viral in 2014. It was depicted as a picture from a war zone. In reality, the boy had taken the photo for a project showing love for his relatives. Media at its finest. Tactic #10: Know them better than they know themselves. And because they feel a certain way about it, they assume everyone else does too. This way of thinking is not just limited to items, it also extends to the opinions we hold dear. If we have spent a lot of time and effort working on something, we will own the idea, sometimes stubbornly, even if the arguments against it are rational. That is because the effort we have put in colors our reality, and that leads us to think of it differently. This also affects our expectations around it. Our experiences are a result of our expectations, not necessarily the truth, and this is highlighted clearly through the long time corporate war between Pepsi and Coke. At one point, both companies claimed that their cola was the customers preferred choice. Only one of them could be telling the truth. But which one? During a blind test, it was clear that people preferred Pepsi to Coke, but during a test where both brands were visible, people preferred Coke to Pepsi.

Thus, as Tracy, Shariff and Cheng write: `Pride . Here we might also include ideals related to C3 cases: ideals of belonging to a venerable educational institution, or to a city's glorious musical heritage, or of solidarity with a certain social class, or of youthfulness. In other words, C3 cases would seem to all reflect personal ideals, self-conceptions that matter to us and in light of which we regard our lives as valuable. Moreover, these personal ideals are all ones that are nonetheless reduced-agency ideals: they are satisfied and promoted by something other than our activity and efforts. Thus, we might be reminded of just how venerable our educational institution is when the importance of the Glasgow University to the Scottish Enlightenment is emphasized, or when one of its students competes in the Olympic games, or when the University is praised for having a higher percentage of students from disadvantaged backgrounds than Edinburgh University, and so on. By the same token, each successful and wonderful band from Manchester enhances the city's musical heritage and thus enhances the importance of my grandfather's being a part of that history. However, it is considerably less plausible to regard BIRG as reflecting reduced-agency personal ideals: the fact that Rod Stewart once bought me a pint is not part of a self-conception under which I regard my life as having value and nor (I take it) is the fact that someone - even someone famous for playing James Bond - once delivered milk to one's house part of an Edinburgher's personal ideal. The point here is not one about agency, therefore. It is about how plausible it is to see some relation of belonging as central to a person's identity. Thus, someone can legitimately or appropriately feel pride in the success of their football team, when being a supporter of that team is one of their personal ideals, whereas someone else would be merely BIRG, or would be a `glory hunter', if being a supporter of this team is not part of their identity or self-conception. The media makes a point of learning all it can take about everyone, and in the process, they go overboard. Back in 2005, a British tabloid named News of the World was caught doing something so brazen and dastardly that it boggles the mind how they even thought they could get away with it for long. They were wiretapping politicians, celebrities, and members of the royal family. This was how they wrote so many exclusive articles, which pulled in a lot of readers. The tabloid was buried in lawsuits from ordinary people and celebrities, and after paying whopping amounts of compensation, they shut down. Social Media Manipulates You Too You might make a habit of checking all your feeds, but then, it would probably surprise you to learn that really, most posts do not accurately depict actual views held by actual humans. You know your cousin Betty is as real as they come and not some AI somewhere, but social media can un-inform you, misinform you, and mislead you. There is a lot of evidence that social media platforms make use of your data for other purposes, and this has been the practice even way before they officially came out with Facearticle ads and Twitter ads. Bots and trolls are on these platforms, used solely to manipulate the way you think.

How we experience a product and our idea of it is enough to affect our perception. If we hear canned laughter in a sitcom, we know the cue is for humor, and if somebody enjoys a movie, we expect that we would enjoy it too. Even in the field of medicine, the clearest signs of this impact is through the placebo effect. If a patient expects a drug to work, they will feel better once they have taken it, and those who don't expect any difference, won't be any better for it. Again, we are impacted by the price here. The more expensive a medicine, the more powerful its effect. A study showed that people who were told their pain medication cost $2. That is how deeply we are influenced by price, no matter how arbitrary. Our association and behavior around pricing also change depending on the norms we are following. There are social norms and market norms, and both evoke a different way of being. If so, then we do not explain the normative difference between C1 and C3 cases of pride by likening the latter to cases where people bask in reflected glory. In the next section, I will present a different account of where the normative difference - or at least normative pressure - comes from. As we will see, suspicion about C3 cases is not grounded in claims about moral responsibility or BIRG. Instead, it might very well be grounded in pragmatic or prudential considerations. Or so, at least, I will suggest. A SOCIAL FUNCTIONALIST ACCOUNT OF PRIDE When discussing what pride is above, we introduced a componential account of pride. This is standard philosophical fare. However, we might take a different approach to examining the nature of pride, by coming to understand what pride is in terms of what pride does. Here we can come to assess the appropriateness of pride, not in terms of the appropriateness of its explanatory and constitutive beliefs but instead in terms of whether an instance of pride successfully plays the functional role that it is `meant' to play.

Tips for Dealing with Social Media Do not trust them. You might be doing yourself a huge favor if you only followed the things that serve you and friends you do know. Facearticle data was used in manipulating voters in the 2016 election; You would be better off not trusting these companies with your data unless they prove that you can. Be mindful of the content you like, or don't even bother with the like button. Whatever works for you. The less they know about you, the harder it will be for them to manipulate you. Know your own perceptions. You don't want to be a part of the manipulative machine that is social media. Our expectations and behavior in market norms are cold and calculating. Market norms (since they are primed by money) make us more selfish. This is because we are making an exchange, goods in place of money. When it comes to social norms, we are very different. We do things out of friendliness and do not expect to be paid. A research study was conducted where lawyers were asked if they would provide their services to retirees at affordable prices. When the same people were asked if they would do it for free, they said yes. Why is it that they were willing to make no money but the thought of forgoing their standard fee was a no-no? When we attach even the smallest value to something, market norms apply, but the moment work is asked for free, especially when it concerns the needy, social norms apply. So, when you ask for a favor or work, be careful about the norms you evoke.

This is all rather abstract. To make it more concrete, let us turn to a recent naturalistic account of the emotion of pride, due to Tracy, Shariff and Cheng. The authors assess and build upon recent work in social psychology, according to which `pride is a psychologically important and evolutionarily adaptive emotion'. Given that congenitally blind athletes could not have learned to produce expressions by observing others, these findings provide a compelling case for a biologically innate source of these expressions (Eibl-Eisenfeldt, 1989), and are consistent with functional universality. If this account is correct, the pride expression is likely to have evolved to serve a distal function related to the situations in which it occurs: success'. The authors suggest that pride has evolved `to serve the distal function of enhancing social status'; Pleasure is of course a positive reinforcer, and so pleasurable experiences typically motivate the subject to seek out more of that which generates pleasure. Now we are taught to feel pride by our parents and teachers and peers, in light of our relation - typically an agential or productive relation - to socially valued objects and events. We are thus taught to feel good about ourselves when we bear a positive relation towards socially valued goods. Thus the child is praised, and feels good about herself, when she learns how to tie her shoelaces, or catches the school bus on her own, or stands up to bullies, or captains the school football team, or wins the piano competition, or is picked as lead in the Christmas play or sings the national anthem with gusto. There are a lot of biases we all have with our thinking, and these big tech companies know well how to exploit them. So, what should you do? Find all possible viewpoints on a subject. When you google something, don't just look at article one. Go all the way to article ten (or farther, if you can. You'll find that there's some interesting stuff you don't see on Google. Be quick to question any story you see out there, rather than like and share automatically. Beware the power of bots. They are great at shifting public opinion to whatever the creator would prefer. MIT professor Tauhid Zaman demonstrated how Twitter activity surrounding politics would be a lot different if there were no bots on the platform.