Do you feel your viewpoint does not count which you must rely on others?

In an experiment known as Mr. Jones experiment, two groups of psychiatric professionals were asked if it was safe to discharge Mr. Jones had only 10% probability of committing a violent act, while the second was told, Of every 100 patients similar to Mr. Jones, 10 are estimated to committing acts of violence. Twice as many respondents in the second group denied the discharge. So what does this mean for us in our daily lives? How can we safeguard ourselves from these biases that seem to find us no matter where we look? In situations that require detailed thinking and analysis, we should take the due time and do the due diligence before arriving at a decision. And in other spheres, we should see how we can use this to our advantage. In our daily lives, we can use this information in altering the way we present ourselves and our information. So pride is a positive emotion felt in response to something the subject regards as having positive value. Second, we feel pride only insofar as the valuable object or event stands, or is regarded by us as standing, in some relation to us. As Jeremy Fisher puts it, `experiencing the emotion of pride requires that we view ourselves as standing in some special relation to the object of our emotion'. As she puts it, the proud person `must believe that the relation of belonging in one of its various forms holds between' them and the thing valued. She continues: `It is in virtue of belonging to the same family, the same country or institution that people are proud of their ancestors, countrymen, or colleagues. The belonging might be quite straightforward, as it is between me and my house. Or it may hold the other way about: my belonging to a nation or institution makes that nation or institution and its belongings a possible object of pride for me. The relation of belonging operates in various directions and all of them can be exploited from the point of view of feeling proud'. Third, the proud person must regard her standing in this relation as something that is itself valuable, as a source of self-worth or esteem. The proud person thus regards the fact that she is in a relation with something of value - such as a first-class mark, or a career of dedicated service, or a venerable university, or a particular social class - as bearing positively on her worth or social standing.

Sadly, the influence they wield isn't always for good. Media Manipulation Tactics Tactic #1: Create a diversion. This is the media's go-to ploy for manipulating its audience. They take important information you and I need to know and wedge it between a lot of inconsequential stories. It's even easier for them to do this now that we have the internet. Tactic #2: Blow a problem out of proportion. When they make a huge enough deal about something that probably isn't a huge deal (if we'd all stop to think about it), the media can get a rise out of society, fostering huge consequences. For instance, NASA put out an article in 2016, claiming that if there were any science at all to astrology, then the zodiac signs would have to keep changing their positions. A Libra would, at some point, be a Leo, a Scorpio, and so on. While gathering appropriate information is essential, how you develop and deliver the information is of utmost importance as well. To better connect with the audience, understand the kind of people you will be confronted with, and according to that, change the way you deliver your information. If you use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, you can divide people into four basic types: Drivers: Those who want a lot of facts and are data-driven and to the point Analytical: Those who love facts to be organized and love a spreadsheet Expressives: Those who like fun and flashy presentations Amiables: Those who love a story and like abstract concepts better than facts. By combining a variety of ways of delivering the same message, you can hit all the right notes, and engage the audience in a way that is suitable for you. And in the case of your own decision making, remember that while it is easy to get caught up in the emotions of a moment, there is always a way through. Once you know that whatever it is you are experiencing will pass, you will be more likely to look at the situation at hand more thoughtfully, from a place of care and empathy.

Together, these three beliefs - or perhaps cognitions that fall short of beliefs - make up the complex appraisal that is distinctive of pride and without which the emotion fails to constitute an instance of pride. Given this account, we can see why C1 cases are all cases of genuine pride and can explain why C2 cases are not. Indeed, the latter is now overdetermined. For (1) the objects in C2 cases have no obvious positive value for a subject; But given this account, the case can be made that all of the C3 cases are genuine, non-confused instances of pride. Let us take the conditions in turn. By the same token, since the Band on the Wall is a famous Manchester music venue with a venerable history, there is some positive status attaching to being its landlord. Boyish complexions are, in addition, a good thing for a middle-aged gent to possess. And given the negative connotations of being posh, at least if one lives in Glasgow, then not being posh definitely has a certain cachet. Since this is the case, however, why might someone nevertheless experience reticence to think that C1 and C3 cases are on all fours? So, what did the popular Cosmopolitan magazine do? They put this claim out there like it was an actual scientific discovery, saying that 80 percent of people must switch zodiac signs. This went viral, forcing NASA to print a retraction. Tactic #3: Poco a poco. In English: Bit-by-bit. When the media wants you to view things a certain way, it publishes its news materials bit by bit. For instance, if they wanted you to believe that the earth is flat, they wouldn't create a headline: Breaking News! Earth is Flat! Not unless they don't feel like being in business any longer. Instead, they would start you off with a story about how some NASA satellite found a few flat planets just outside of our solar system.

If there's anything designed to throw rationality for a loop, it is the word free. Think of the number of useless things you have stored at home on account of it, the endless number of key chains you brought home from a conference, the teddy bears you won at carnivals, the buy 1 get 1 free offer stacked in your bottom drawer just because it was a great deal. The best things in life ARE free, but they aren't manufactured, things such as walking in the park, spending quality time with friends, getting fresh air, smelling flowers--everything else labelled free has a value attached to it. If nothing else, the biggest price to pay is our response because of the emotional pull the word has. A study was conducted where people were given a choice between two chocolates--one was Lindt Truffles priced at 15 cents apiece and the other was Hershey's Kisses that was available for one cent apiece. But what do you think happened when Hershey's Kisses were dropped to zero and Lindt's were reduced to 14 cents apiece? Even though the price difference was identical in both situations, 69% of the people went for Hershey's, even though their initial choice indicated that they liked Lindt better. That's the power of the word free; This is especially the case with us frugal buyers and for a simple reason--whenever we pay for an item, there is a risk associated with it. We don't know what we are getting, and if it is not worth the money, then it isn't worth the risk. I turn to this explanatory task in the next section. PRIDE, AGENCY AND BIRG In this section, I will consider two explanations of the normative difference between C1 and C3 cases. I will argue that neither of these is ultimately plausible. For, on this view, pride is only appropriate if subject and object are connected or related in a particular way. As Fisher puts things: `According to the agency account . Instead, the agency account holds that without an agential connection, what the person feels is not pride at all. As Fisher writes later in the paper: `According to agency accounts of pride's attribution conditions, pride is an emotion of self-praise and, so, an emotion that one has only when one takes oneself to be morally responsible for the object of pride'. What can be said in favour of the agency account? One reason to take the account seriously is that it seems grounded in a plausible idea about praiseworthiness and responsibility.

Then they would tell you that another version of Earth has been discovered in orbit, that it is flat, and has people on it. Finally, they'd wrap up with, Hey, so, all the equipment we've been using to view the Earth from outer space all this time is super faulty and outdated. These newer telescopes now show that the Earth is flat. Yes, this is a ridiculous example, but believe it or not, the media has that much influence, and this strategy works. The media also uses this bit-by-bit strategy to create new habits or a new normal (sound familiar? This is how they normalized smoking in the 20th century. Tactic #4: Postponing. If the media wants you to have to make a tough decision, they will present it to you as painful, but we don't have a choice. Next, they will let the audience know that they have to make a decision tomorrow, not this red-hot minute. It's easier to deal with sacrifices when you know they're coming, versus when they're staring you in the face. We don't like missing out, and we certainly don't like losing. But when something is free, there is no flip side. Since we have no personal losses to bear, we perceive it to be much more valuable than it is. That is also known as the zero-price effect. Companies understand this impulse and they take full advantage of it. Because of free deliveries above a certain amount, Amazon (and other companies like them) make a sizeable amount by encouraging people to order more than one item. While there are negative connotations associated with it, we can also use the word free to push meaningful change. In the world of policymaking, the word free can encourage people to make decisions that could benefit them. No one likes to spend a fortune on yearly health checkups; The impact of long-term consequences isn't visible enough, so what if these checkups became free?