What's Beyond Self-Improvement?

Setbacks are nothing more than hurdles on your race to your dreams. You have to overcome them if you want to reach the destination. They're the reason that most people aren't willing to go the full distance and will fall off before you. Remember your positive self-image - you are a doer and you make your own luck. Shrug off any setbacks (as much as possible) and keep on moving forwards. W e've gone over thoughts and how to control them, which is a great way to hone your mind. We've also covered the importance of emotions and dealing with hard times in life. These are both areas that you have to get control of to maintain discipline. They like background noise. In conflict they talk louder and faster and believe that if they can say just one more thing, everything will be fine. E's get lonely when their partner isn't there. They look forward to doing things with their partner rather than just sitting around. Judging from the way E's connect with people, you would think they are very secure; E's may think they've done a good job, but they won't believe it until they hear it from someone else. They may ask for an opinion, too. In other words, they need. Introversion I's, on the other hand, need to formulate in the privacy of their thoughts what they are going to say before they are ready to share. Learning to Aggress Learning Outcomes

Outline evidence that violent media increases the incidence of aggression. Explain factors in family life that influence the tendency to aggress. Give examples of how culture influences proneness to aggression. One of the great adaptive features of our species is our capacity for learning. But this capacity also means that much of our propensity for aggression is something that we learn. Some learning of aggression is based on operant conditioning. Beginning in early childhood, we all engage in some aggressive acts such as biting, hitting, shoving, kicking, verbal aggression, and so forth. The more these aggressive actions are reinforced in particular situations, the more frequently an individual will turn to additional aggression in similar contexts (Geen & Pigg, 1970; Self-belief and an analytical approach are the bases that launch your discipline, with willpower being the fuel. Careful planning aids your navigation through the realm of mental discipline. This completes the blueprint. In this second part, we are going to look at more practical tips for improving and maintaining your mental discipline. B ack in the first part, we covered some basic facts on willpower. An important one is that you have a limited amount of willpower, so you must use it wisely. Another is that you can shortcut it a little by creating habits. You can also increase the amount you have, which we will look at in more detail now, and it can be affected by momentum - both good and bad. Cognitive Fatigue and the Willpower Gauge Cognitive fatigue is tiredness of the mind. If pressured to give an immediate, quick answer, their minds shut down. They usually respond with, Let me think about that or I'll get back to you on that.

Often they are seen as shy or reserved. They prefer to share their time with one other person or a few close friends. They are usually quiet among strangers. They love privacy and quiet time to themselves. They learn how to concentrate and shut out noise. Invite an I to a six-hour party and she would respond, Six hours! You've got to be kidding. What will I do for six hours? Geen & Stonner, 1971; Loew, 1967). In other words, if these actions garner desired attention or specific rewards, or if they alleviate negative feelings, they will become more likely (Dengerink & Covey, 1983; Geen, 2001). If Taylor hits Tim to get his lollipop, Taylor's aggression will be reinforced if the consequence is successfully enjoying a tasty lollipop. If a child is hassled and made fun of by other kids, but finds that aggressive action alleviates the hassling, the child is likely to learn that physical aggression is a way to get relief from being bothered by others. And in gang subcultures, members may win admiration for engaging in violence (Wolfgang & Ferracuti, 1967). Sometimes the punishment for and media attention on violent actions can make them rewarding, as was the case with the bank robber John Dillinger, who was glamorized by newspapers in his day, and in the film Public Enemies, in which Johnny Depp played him. On the other hand, if aggressive actions do not lead to rewarding experiences, or if they lead to unpleasant experiences, the likelihood of aggression should be reduced. However, in some cases, attempts at punishment may actually be reinforcing because they inadvertently bring desired attention to the child. Your brain is like the other muscles in your body, it gets tired as it's used. As you go through the day, you need to pay attention to lots of different things.

There's a lot to think about, to observe, and to take in, whether it's from work or your personal life. All of this wears down your mind, tiring it out. This is why people find it harder to learn late in the day - a lot of your brains energy has been used up already. After intense exercise, people are less capable of doing mental tasks, too, because the low energy levels and general tiredness also affects your brain. I've seen the effects of this first hand when observing fighters training. Early in training sessions, fighters are very mentally capable. They can take on new combinations and movements, drilling them on the pads. I've also watched some fight camp sessions, where these people do gruelling physical workouts. I'd be wiped out! So the introvert goes late, talks to selected people one at a time and leaves early. That is what's comfortable to them. They may not care for the fellowship time in a Sunday School class or church service, either. I's are good listeners and hate to be interrupted when they talk. When they're in a relationship they tend to keep their thoughts to themselves and wish their partner would, too, if he or she is an E. I's also tend to be cautious when entering a new relationship. When asked a question, I's usually take an average of seven seconds before responding. When the teacher asks a question, all the E children raise their hands, even though they don't know the answer yet. They will formulate the answer as they talk out loud. This can occur with adults as well. Throughout history, outlaws such as the bank robber John Dillinger, depicted in the movie Public Enemies, gained attention, publicity, and even fame for their violent actions (Brown et al.

There is another reason one's own aggressive actions tend to encourage more aggressive actions. When people act aggressively, they can feel dissonance or guilt, which leads them to shift their attitudes to justify their actions, which may then lead to further acts of aggression. Martens and colleagues (2007) showed that the more bugs participants were instructed to kill by dropping them into what they thought was a bug-killing machine (see FIGURE 12. Interestingly, this escalation of killing occurred only in people who believed there was some similarity between bugs and humans and therefore were likely to feel guilty about those first bugs they killed. This process of escalating killing mirrors many historical examples in which initial acts of aggression are followed by more severe acts of aggression (Kressel, 1996). Does Killing Beget Killing? When participants believed they were grinding up bugs in this modified coffee grinder, those who initially killed five bugs justified their aggression by killing even more later. In addition to learning to aggress through their own actions, people also learn to aggress by watching the actions of others. At the end of these sessions, the coach might do some simple combination work. The idea is to train when tired, mentally and physically. By doing this, the moves become ingrained in the memory, because they are now being performed without much thought. However, because mental energy is so low, the simple combinations are hard to pick up and plenty of fighters will make mistakes doing really simple moves. This is an example of cognitive fatigue. Remembering a sequence of four moves has become difficult for the type of athlete that regularly pulls off new 8-10 move combos when fresh. Cognitive fatigue affects your ability to analyze a situation or any information. It affects the way you see problems and the solutions you can come up with. It also affects your decision-making abilities, with tired people making worse decisions than they normally would. To stay disciplined, it's best to be mentally fresh, avoiding this cognitive fatigue, so that you don't end up making bad decisions. It would level the playing field if the teacher would say to the class, Here's a question for you. I'd like all of you to think about your answer for 20 seconds, and then I'll tell you when to raise your hands.